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The landscape of Palestinian politics has been fraught with division and conflict for decades. Now, a significant development has emerged from an unexpected quarter: the Beijing Declaration. This agreement, signed by rival Palestinian factions including Hamas and Fatah, marks a potential turning point in the quest for Palestinian unity. But can this declaration withstand the test of time and the deep-seated divides within Palestinian ranks?
In a surprising turn of events, representatives from Fatah and Hamas, along with a dozen other Palestinian groups, have come together to sign a national unity deal in Beijing. This move has defied expectations, as previous attempts to bridge their divisions have consistently failed. The agreement, brokered by China, aims to strengthen Palestinian unity and set a new course for the future.
China's involvement in this deal is a significant diplomatic coup. Unlike many Western nations, China does not consider Hamas a terrorist organization. By brokering this agreement, China has bolstered its influence in the region and positioned itself as a peacemaker on the international stage. This move is part of China's broader strategy to increase its role in global governance and present an alternative to the rules-based international order.
Despite the fanfare surrounding the Beijing Declaration, the path to real unity is fraught with challenges. The disagreements between Fatah and Hamas are structural and deep-rooted, related to their inclusion in the PLO, elections, and their ideological beliefs. These issues were not addressed in the deal, and the likelihood of them being resolved anytime soon is slim.
Some aspects of the declaration offer a glimmer of hope. The mention of elections and the formation of a unity government are notable steps forward. However, the declaration's success hinges on President Mahmud Abbas's decision, which remains uncertain. Moreover, the agreement lacks a concrete timeframe or implementation mechanism, raising questions about its effectiveness.
The future of the Palestinian territories, particularly post-war Gaza, remains a major sticking point. Israel's vow to eliminate Hamas and its rejection of their involvement in governing Gaza pose significant obstacles. The international community's support for a ceasefire and the future governance of Gaza will be crucial in determining the success of the Beijing Declaration.
China's sponsorship of this deal is a clear win for Beijing. By positioning itself as a mediator in global conflicts, China seeks to increase its influence over the future Palestinian state and secure a seat at the table in any peace arrangement. The prefered scenario for China, as articulated by President Xi Jinping, is a UN-led peace conference where China plays a significant role.
The Beijing Declaration represents a significant step towards Palestinian unity, but its success is far from guaranteed. The road ahead is fraught with challenges, and the deep-seated divides within Palestinian ranks will not be easily bridged. As the international community watches closely, the true test of the Beijing Declaration will be its ability to translate into concrete actions and lasting peace.
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