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In a surprising turn of events, rival Palestinian factions, including Hamas and Fatah, have signed a declaration in Beijing to form a national unity government. This agreement, brokered by China, marks a significant diplomatic coup and raises intriguing questions about the future of Palestinian governance and the role of China on the international stage.
Why is this deal significant? For years, Hamas and Fatah have vied for power in Gaza and the West Bank, leading to cycles of violence and political stalemate. The Beijing declaration, involving more than a dozen Palestinian factions, aims to strengthen Palestinian unity. But is this merely a symbolic gesture, or does it herald a new era?
China, unlike many Western nations, does not consider Hamas a terror organization. This distinction has allowed Beijing to act as a mediator, presenting itself as a neutral party capable of fostering peace. The agreement calls for Palestinians to govern Palestine, with a focus on post-war governance of Gaza, a territory left devastated by recent conflicts.
However, the road to unity is fraught with challenges. Israel has swiftly rejected the agreement, vowing to eliminate Hamas and firmly rejecting their involvement in governing Gaza. The future of the strip remains a major sticking point as both sides weigh an internationally backed ceasefire proposal.
John B. Alman of the Middle East program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies offers a cautious view. "I think it's an interesting step, but I'm not sure how much it's actually going to mean," he says. The deal, he believes, may be more about China showcasing its diplomatic prowess than a genuine path to unity.
China's involvement in brokering this deal is a clear demonstration of its desire to bolster its influence in the Middle East and present itself as a global peacemaker. The agreement follows China's successful facilitation of a Saudi-Iranian deal 15 months ago, but the stakes in the Israel-Hamas conflict are much higher.
The conflict is often viewed as a zero-sum game, with one side perceived as the winner and the other as the loser. "It's easier to have win-win solutions when you're only talking about talking," Alman notes. "But it's harder when people say someone really could lose here."
China's relations with Israel have evolved in recent years. Traditionally aligned with the Palestinian side, China has sought to engage with Israel on various issues, including technology and surveillance. However, since the October 7 terror attacks, the gap between the two nations has widened.
Despite the current distance, Alman believes that when the dust settles, both Israel and China will be open to improving their relations. "China is a great power, and it's good to have good relations with great powers," he says.
The Beijing declaration represents a significant step toward Palestinian unity, but the journey is far from over. The agreement raises hopes and questions alike, and its success will depend on the willingness of all parties to work together. As Alman notes, "Ultimately, you're going to need a lot of stakeholders to bring about any solution to the desperate challenges facing 2 million people in Gaza."
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